Debt investors overview

Credit profile

Rio Tinto is a leading international mining group in which 2 companies, Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited are combined in a dual listed companies (DLC) structure. Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited and their respective groups operate together as a single economic enterprise.

Following the approval of the DLC merger, Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited entered into a DLC merger sharing agreement pursuant to which each company agreed:

  • to ensure that the businesses of Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited are managed on a unified basis

  • to ensure that the boards of directors of each company comprise the same individuals

  • to give effect to certain arrangements designed to provide shareholders of each company with a common economic interest in the Rio Tinto Group

In addition, as part of the DLC structure, each company entered into a deed poll guarantee in favour of certain creditors of the other company and the obligations of other persons which are guaranteed by the other company subject to certain limited exceptions.

Credit ratings

The Rio Tinto Group has a contractual relationship with Moody's Investor Services, Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings for the provision of rating information. Management of the Group meets these agencies at least annually and shares with them the Group's latest financial projections and business plan.

Both Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited continue to enjoy investment grade ratings.

The following table shows Rio Tinto's current credit ratings. 

Agency Long term rating & outlook Short term rating
Moody's Investor Services A1 (stable) P-1
Standard & Poor's A (stable) A-1
Fitch Ratings A (stable) F-1

Treasury management and policies

Rio Tinto’s policies on financial risk management are defined such that the Group has a capital structure in place to manage the organisation through the commodity cycle and that the Group’s exposures may float with the market.

The Group is exposed to capital, liquidity, credit, commodity price, foreign exchange and interest rate risks.

Derivatives are used as and when required in order to manage the Group’s exposure in accordance with its underlying financial risk management principles.

Statement of Commitment

Financial Markets Standards Board (FMSB) compliance letter
PDF
130 KB
  • Interest rates
  • Foreign exchange
  • Commodities
  • Credit
  • Liquidity and capital
The Group operates a floating rates policy for the management of its economic exposure to interest rates risk. It does not seek to hedge this floating exposure and will re-float any material rates that are fixed. In certain circumstances, however, a higher proportion of fixed-rate funding may be considered appropriate.
Rio Tinto’s earnings, cash flows and shareholders’ equity are influenced by a wide variety of currencies due to the geographic diversity of the Group’s sales and the countries in which it operates. The US dollar is the currency in which the majority of the Group’s sales are denominated. Operating costs are influenced by the currencies of those countries where the Group’s mines and processing plants are located and also by those currencies in which the costs of imported equipment and services are determined. Apart from the US dollar, the Australian and Canadian dollars are the most important currencies influencing costs. In any particular year, currency fluctuations may have a significant impact on Rio Tinto’s financial results. 

The Group operates a floating rates policy for the management of its economic exposure to foreign exchange rate risks. It does not seek to hedge this floating exposure and will re-float, where possible, any material rates that are fixed. However, currency protection measures may be deemed appropriate in specific commercial circumstances.

External funds are predominantly raised (or invested) in US dollars (or hedged to US dollars) as this is the dominant currency of the Group.
The Group operates a floating prices policy for the management of its economic exposure to commodity price risk. It does not seek to hedge this floating exposure and will re-float, where possible, any material price that is fixed. Where this is impossible (or sub-optimal) any non-floating price risks are managed within defined market risk tolerances. Derivatives are used as and when required in order to manage the Group’s exposure in accordance with this underlying financial risk management principle.
The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily from customer receivables) and from its financing activities. Credit risk is managed within defined credit risk frameworks which set the risk appetite, limits, mitigations and monitoring.

Customer credit risk is managed by the Commercial team. Credit limits are established for all customers based on internal or external rating criteria. Shipments to major customers are often covered by letters of credit or other forms of credit insurance.

Credit risk from investments is managed by Treasury in accordance with a Board-approved framework. Investments of surplus funds are made only with approved investment grade (BBB- or above) counterparties who have specific credit limits.
The Group’s overriding objective when managing capital and liquidity is to safeguard the business as a going concern.

Capital is allocated in a consistent and disciplined manner, prioritising sustaining capital expenditure, followed by the ordinary dividend and then an iterative allocation between investing in compelling growth opportunities, maintaining balance sheet strength and delivering further returns to shareholders. Total cash returns to shareholders are expected to be in a range of 40% to 60% of underlying earnings in aggregate throughout the commodity cycle.

Corporate debt

Bond maturity profile

As at December 2025

Debt issuance programmes

Rio Tinto makes use of bonds to finance medium-term financing requirements. A debt issuance programme is used to issue debt instruments. Volumes, currencies and maturities of outstanding bonds will depend upon Rio Tinto's financing needs.

  • US shelf

    Issuers

    • Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc
    • Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited
    • Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc.

    Guarantors

    Instruments issued by Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc, Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited or Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc. will be unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited.

    Trustee

    The Bank of New York Mellon

    Issue and paying agent

    The Bank of New York Mellon

  • Euro Medium Term Note Programme

    Financial statements

    2025 Financial Statements
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc 2025
    PDF
    1.09 MB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited 2025
    PDF
    1.2 MB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc 2025
    PDF
    474 KB
    2025 Annual report
    PDF
    11.58 MB
    Rio Tinto 2025 half year results
    PDF
    601 KB
    2024 Financial Statements
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc 2024
    PDF
    334 KB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited 2024
    PDF
    717 KB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc 2024
    PDF
    392 KB
    Annual Report 2024
    PDF
    16.46 MB
    2023 Financial Statements
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc 2023
    PDF
    1.02 MB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited 2023
    PDF
    11.49 MB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc 2023
    PDF
    402 KB
    Annual Report 2023
    PDF
    13.04 MB

    Euro Medium Term Note Programme documents

    EMTN Supplemental Prospectus March 2026
    PDF
    426 KB
    EMTN Prospectus 2025
    PDF
    1.2 MB
    EMTN Agency Agreement
    PDF
    673 KB
    EMTN 14th Supplemental Trust Deed
    PDF
    1.27 MB

    Governance

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited Constitution
    PDF
    1.33 MB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc Memorandum and Articles of Association
    PDF
    582 KB
    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc By-laws
    PDF
    130 KB
    Rio Tinto plc Articles of Association
    PDF
    488 KB
    Rio Tinto Limited Constitution
    PDF
    560 KB

    Programme size

    Up to US$10 billion

    Guarantors

    Instruments issued by Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc, Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited or Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc. will be unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited.

    Arranger

    HSBC

    Dealers

    ANZ 
    BNP PARIBAS 
    CHINA CONSTRUCTION BANK (ASIA) 
    CITIGROUP 
    DEUTSCHE BANK 
    ICBC 
    MIZUHO 
    SANTANDER CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANKING 
    SOCIÉTÉ GÉNÉRALE CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANKING
    TD SECURITIES  
    BANK OF CHINA 
    BOFA SECURITIES 
    CIBC CAPITAL MARKETS 
    CRÉDIT AGRICOLE CIB 
    HSBC 
    J.P. MORGAN 
    RBC CAPITAL MARKETS 
    SMBC 
    UBS INVESTMENT BANK

    *Banks which are not in the above dealers group can be “dealer for the day” for a transaction.

    Trustee

    Deutsche Trustee Company Limited

    Issue and paying agent

    Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch

Commercial paper programmes

Rio Tinto makes use of unsecured debt to finance short-term financing requirements.

Commercial paper is a short-term unsecured debt security that a company issues in exchange for cash. Outstanding commercial paper volumes will depend upon Rio Tinto's short-term financing needs.

  • US commercial paper

    Program size

    Up to US$4 billion

    Issuers

    • Rio Tinto America Inc
    • Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc.
    • Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc
    • Rio Tinto (Commercial Paper) Limited

    Guarantors

    Instruments issued by Rio Tinto America Inc, Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Inc, and Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc will be unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by Rio Tinto plc.

    Instruments issued by Rio Tinto (Commercial Paper) Limited will be unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by Rio Tinto Limited.

    In addition, Instruments are entitled to the benefit of deed poll guarantees entered into by each of Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited pursuant to which each of Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited has guaranteed the relevant contractual obligations of the other company (and the relevant obligations of other persons that are guaranteed by the other company).

    Dealers

    • J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
    • Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
    • Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
    • RBC Capital Markets, LLC

    Issuing and paying agent

    Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas

Committed bank facilities

On 16 November 2021, Rio Tinto Finance plc and Rio Tinto Finance Limited entered into a US$7.5 billion multi-currency revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks. The facility is guaranteed by Rio Tinto plc and Rio Tinto Limited. The facility has a five-year term (November 2026) and two, one-year extension options. The facility includes a US$6.2 billion denominated same day access swing-line facility. The funds made available under the facilities may be used for the general corporate purposes of the Group. The new facility replaced the US$7.5 billion dual tranche revolving credit facility dated 15 November 2013, last amended in November 2020.

Outstanding notes - table of issues
  • Debt capital markets

    Issuer

    Coupon %

    Date of Issue

    Maturity

    Ccy

    Amount (m)

    Amount1 (USDm)

    ISIN

    BONDS

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    4.375%

    11/03/2025

    12/03/2027

    USD

    500

    500

    US76720AAQ94

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited

    7.125%

    27/06/2008

    15/07/2028

    USD

    750

    750

    US767201AD89

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    4.500%

    11/03/2025

    14/03/2028

    USD

    750

    750

    US76720AAR77

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    FRN

    11/03/2025

    14/03/2028

    USD

    500

    500

    US76720AAY29

    Alcan Inc

    7.250%

    28/10/1998

    01/11/2028

    USD

    100

    100

    US013716AN50

    Rio Tinto Finance plc

    4.000%

    04/12/2012

    11/12/2029

    GBP

    500

    807

    XS0863076930

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    4.875%

    11/03/2025

    14/03/2030

    USD

    1750

    1750

    US76720AAS50

    Alcan Inc

    7.250%

    23/03/2001

    15/03/2031

    USD

    400

    400

    US013716AQ81

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    5.000%

    11/03/2025

    14/03/2032

    USD

    1250

    1250

    US76720AAT34

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    5.000%

    06/03/2023

    09/03/2033

    USD

    650

    650

    US76720AAN63

    Alcan Inc

    6.125%

    08/12/2003

    15/12/2033

    USD

    750

    750

    US013716AU93

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    5.250%

    11/03/2025

    14/03/2035

    USD

    1750

    1750

    US76720AAU07

    Alcan Inc

    5.750%

    31/05/2005

    01/06/2035

    USD

    300

    300

    US013716AU59

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited

    5.200%

    28/10/2010

    02/11/2040

    USD

    500

    500

    US767201AL06

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited

    5.200%

    17/05/2011

    02/11/2040

    USD

    300

    300

    US767201AL06

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited

    5.200%

    19/09/2011

    02/11/2040

    USD

    350

    350

    US767201AL06

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    4.750%

    19/03/2011

    22/03/2042

    USD

    500

    500

    US76720AAD81

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    4.125%

    16/08/2012

    21/08/2042

    USD

    750

    750

    US76720AAG13

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) Limited

    2.750%

    28/10/2021

    02/11/2051

    USD

    1250

    1250

    US767201AT32

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    5.125%

    06/03/2023

    09/03/2053

    USD

    1100

    1100

    US76720AAP12

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    5.750%

    11/03/2025

    14/03/2055

    USD

    1750

    1750

    US76720AAV89

    Rio Tinto Finance (USA) plc

    5.875%

    11/03/2025

    14/03/2065

    USD

    750

    750

    US76720AAW62

Other debt

Rio Tinto Other Debt amounts to $6.2 billion as of 31 December 2025 which is funding at the business unit or asset level. This is largely driven by Oyu Tolgoi which has $3.8 billion in project financing. In addition, there is $0.8 billion of other secured or unsecured debt at the business unit or asset level and a further $1.6 billion of lease liabilities held on balance sheet under IFRS 16.

Borrowings and other financial liabilities

Borrowings at 31 December 2025 US$m
Oyu Tolgoi LLC MIGA Insured Loan SOFR plus 2.65% due 2032 (1) 588
Oyu Tolgoi LLC Commercial Banks "B Loan" SOFR plus 3.4% due 2032 (1) 1,355
Oyu Tolgoi LLC Export Credit Agencies Loan 4.72% due 2033 (1)  244
Oyu Tolgoi LLC Export Credit Agencies Loan SOFR plus 3.65% due 2034 (1)  796
Oyu Tolgoi LLC International Financial Institutions "A Loan" SOFR plus 3.78% due 2035 (1)  772
Other secured loan  39
Other unsecured loans  794
Lease liabilities  1,586
Bank overdrafts  7

1. These borrowings relate to the Oyu Tolgoi LLC project finance facility and the due dates stated represent the final repayment date. The interest rates stated are pre-completion and will increase by 1.2% post-completion, which is expected to happen in 2029 subject to meeting certain conditions.

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