Non managed operations

Our activities comprise wholly and partly owned subsidiaries, jointly controlled assets, as well as other entities and associated companies - some of which we do not manage ourselves.

We carefully select our business partners to be organisations with comparable standards to our own in areas such as environmental performance, community relations and human rights. We inform them of our principles and policies and work with them where appropriate to support adoption of policies consistent with our own.

Our non managed operations and projects include:

• Escondida, Chile - we have a 30 per cent interest in the Escondida copper mine in Chile. Escondida is the largest copper mine in the world in terms of annual production, and has a mine life expected to exceed 30 years. It accounts for approximately eight per cent of global primary copper production. BHP Billiton owns 57.5 per cent of the Escondida mine and is the operator and product sales agent.
• Grasberg, Indonesia - we have a 40 per cent share of production above specified levels until 2021 and 40 per cent share of all production after 2021. The Grasberg copper and gold mine is operated by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold. We have representation on operating and technical committees.
• Ivanhoe Mines, Canada - we have a 9.9 per cent interest in Ivanhoe Mines, which will engineer, construct and operate the Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mine in Mongolia.  Rio Tinto has the right to progressively increase its stake to 43 per cent over the next four years at pre-determined prices. Oyu Tolgoi has a potential average production rate of 440,000 tonnes of copper per year with significant gold by-products.
• Port Waratah Coal Services, Australia - Coal & Allied (in which Rio Tinto has a 75 per cent stake) has a 37 per cent interest in Port Waratah Coal Services, the world's largest coal handling terminal.
• Queensland Alumina Limited (QAL), Australia - we have an 80 per cent interest in the QAL refinery in Gladstone, which is one of the world's largest alumina refineries with a capacity of just under four million tonnes per annum.