Rio Tinto's total emissions (ie. on site emissions and emissions from net purchased electricity) are considerably less than the most significant other indirect emissions. Other indirect emissions include:

• Emissions associated with the combustion of our coal by customers for power and steel production. Based on 2003 coal production, combustion of Rio Tinto coal produced in 2003 by our customers generated an estimated 320 million tonnes of CO₂-e. Read about our climate change research...
• The emissions associated with the use of our products, primarily through the energy used in their further production. For example, there are CO₂-e emissions associated with the conversion of our iron ore into steel. Based on Rio Tinto's 2003 iron ore production, steel manufacture by our iron ore customers generated approximately 200 million tonnes of CO₂-e. The coal used in this process may be from Rio Tinto coal products and, therefore, these emissions cannot be added to the emissions associated with the combustion of our coal by our customers (approx. 320 million tonnes CO₂-e) as it would result in double counting.
• Third party transport of our products and raw materials (CIF and FOB) in 2003 contributed 5.6 million tonnes of CO₂-e.