Terms used
Mining includes land clearance and stripping, drilling, blasting, waste handling, mining and in pit transport, reshaping and rehabilitation.
Milling includes crushing, milling, flotation and other concentrating processes, beneficiation and coal preparation, product stockpiling and load-out.
Smelting is a pyrometallurgical process that produces either molten metal and molten slag (reduction smelting) or molten matte and molten slag (matte smelting). Examples of smelting products include: aluminium, copper cathode, titanium slag and iron and pig iron.
Refining includes all activities associated with refining a mineral or metal to a purer form such as electrolytic refining.
Other includes transport including port facilities, product value add processing and other support activities such as offices, laboratories, warehouses.
Units
- Joule
- a measure of energy
- GJ
- gigajoule, one billion joules
- PJ
- petajoule, one million gigajoules
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